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Pittosporum gayanum

Rock (1913)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Apiales Family: Pittosporaceae Genus: Pittosporum

hā‘awa [haawa], hō‘awa [hoawa]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or small trees (1–)3–5 m tall, young parts very densely brown to reddish brown woolly tomentose.

Stems: Branches brown to reddish brown tomentose, occasionally glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades obovate to oblong–obovate, (4.5–)9–30 cm long, (1.5–)3–10 cm wide. Apex broadly acute to short-acuminate. Base attenuate. Upper surfaces with conspicuously impressed veins, glabrate; lower surfaces with raised veins, densely brown to dark reddish brown woolly tomentose, occasionally becoming sparsely so; blade, coriaceous, strongly and coarsely rugose; blade coriaceous. Margins entire, usually revolute. Lateral veins 7–20 pairs. Petioles (0.6–)1–3 cm long, usually narrowly winged. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences very densely brown to reddish brown woolly tomentose. peduncles 5–17 mm long, pedicels 2–9 mm long, bracts subulate, 2–10 mm long. Flowers unisexual, 5–15 in axillary or cauline, simple, corymbose inflorescences. Calyx narrowly to broadly cup shaped, sepals 5, distinct, narrowly to broadly ovate, 4–6.5 mm long, brown tomentose, apex acute. Corolla of 5 petals, white, 14–24 mm long. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, distinct; filaments 10–11 mm long, those of pistillate flowers ca. 6 mm long; fertile anthers 3–4.3 mm long, those of pistillate flowers ca. 1 mm long. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, 2–3-celled, on a short gynophore, placentation parietal; ovules numerous, in 2 rows per placenta; style 1; stigma capitate.

Fruit: Capsules broadly ovoid to subcuboid–ovoid; 18–25 mm long; brown to reddish brown tomentose when immature; glabrate at maturity; apex broadly acute; the persistent style 4–6 mm long; the valves with woody exocarp 2.7–4.7 mm thick; ± with a median ridge or furrow; the surface rugose–tuberculate; the troughs between the convolutions narrow and sometimes obscured; seed mass filling the capsules volume. Seeds ca. 17; black to reddish black; irregularly angled and compressed; 5–7 mm long.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Primarily in open bogs and wet forest; occasionally in diverse mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 640–1,520 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Ethnobotanical Images

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Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Indig. Trees Haw. Isl.: 166 (1913)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1043 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8866 Kauai BISH 1911-10-20
2 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Low windswept wet shrubland w/Metrosideros, Antidesma, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Syzygium, Cheirodendron and Cibotium invaded by Rubus rosifolius, Paederia, Melastoma & Heliocarpus. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 0.8 m tall; lvs dark green & rugose above, reddish brown pubescent beneath; flwrs white; frts greenish brown. Occasional on summit, endemic. Lorence, D.H. 7328 Kauai BISH 1992-07-20
3 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Fagerlind, F. 6532 Kauai BISH 1948-03-09
4 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane forest. W/ Melicope spp., Vaccinium reticulatum, Cibotium glaucum, C. menziesii, Sadleria pallida, Ilex anomala, Scaevola procera, Tetraplasandra waialealae, Dicranopteris linearis, Broussaisia arguta, Dryopt Preserved_Specimen tree, ca. 5 m tall in flower and early fruit, 3 trees mapped, UTM zone 4 Wood, K.R. 14312 Kauai BISH 2010-09-14
5 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 39 Kauai BISH 1982-10-16
6 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 258 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
7 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17282 Kauai BISH 1920-01-01
8 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5035 Kauai BISH 1983-08-30
9 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 979 Kauai BISH 1922-10-29
10 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6527 Kauai BISH 1970-07-18
11 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10764 Kauai BISH 1930-12-27
12 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Fagerlind, F. 6532 Kauai BISH 1948-03-09
13 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Plews, J.H.R. Kauai BISH 1986-03-15
14 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1990-10-26
15 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Kauai BISH 1938-11-01
16 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Plews, J.H.R. Kauai BISH 1986-03-15
17 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 420 Kauai BISH 1987-06-17
18 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 919 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
19 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1522 Kauai BISH 1956-12-27
20 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6071 Kauai BISH 1909-10-14
21 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8866 Kauai BISH 1911-10-20
22 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1956-02-01
23 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6072 Kauai BISH 1909-10-14
24 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 887 Kauai BISH 1911-10-20
25 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details exposed Preserved_Specimen small tree Rock, J.F.C. 6077 Kauai BISH 1909-10-14
26 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details High plateau Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8867 Kauai BISH 1911-10-20
27 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen 12' tree; flwrs white. Christensen, C. 98 Kauai BISH 1976-12-14
28 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In open Metrosideros-Dicranopteris community. Preserved_Specimen Ca. 4 m. Takeuchi, W.N. 37 Kauai BISH 1982-10-16
29 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In wet Metrosideros forest w/Ilex anomala, Broussaisia arguta, Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra waialealae, Dicranopteris. Preserved_Specimen Shrub or tree to 10', sprsely branched; flwrs white. Carlquist, S. 1991 Kauai BISH 1966-07-12
30 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris transtional mesic to wet forest mixed understory of Coprosma waimeae, Xylosma hawaiiensis, Ilex anomala, Melicope clusiifolia, M. kauaiensis, Pittosporum gayanum, Kadua affinis, Perrottetia sandiwcensis, Myrsine linearifolia, Dubau Preserved_Specimen Tree, 4.5 m tall, in flower and fruit, 2 trees, numerous others in general area Wood, K.R. 15183 Kauai BISH 2012-08-16
31 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rainforest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 23840 Kauai BISH 1955-09-07
32 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Forest. Preserved_Specimen 5 m shrub; flwrs white, fragrant. Fosberg, F.R. 12677 Kauai BISH 1935-12-29
33 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Off road In Metrosideros-Cheirodendron wet forest with Elaeocarpus bifidus, Myrsine lessertiana, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra longiflora, Cyrtandra kauaiensis, Psychotria greenwelliae, Diplazium sandwichianum, Ilex anomala, Kadua affinis, Sadleria, Myrsine linearifolia, Rubus argutus, Myrica faya, Hedychium gardnerianum. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 5 m high with fls and frt. Fls. white. Perlman, S. 21330 Kauai BISH 2009-01-08
34 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen epiphyte, tree, 31/2 diam.; flower white; fruit brown Stern, W.L. 1239 Kauai BISH 1961-08-01
35 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20441 Kauai BISH 1950-01-31
36 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet ohia, native trees and shrubs, treeferns Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9630 Kauai BISH 1981-05-12
37 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Low wet elfin cloud forest of Metrosideros spp., Cheirodendron & Pelea spp. trees covered by bryophytes, interspersed w/low shrubland Metrosideros, Myrsine & Vaccinium and open boggy areas w/native herbs (Oreobolus, Dichanthelium, Viola) highly invaded by weedy Juncus planifolius. Preserved_Specimen Tree 4 m tall; flwrs fragrant, petals waxy white. Occasional locally, endemic. Lorence, D.H. 6032 Kauai BISH 1989-06-17
38 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Shrubby forest. Preserved_Specimen 12' tree; flwrs fragrant. Degener, O. 21646 Kauai BISH 1952-01-19
39 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron kauaiense, Dicranopteris emarginata, Myrsine, Scaevola, Ilex Preserved_Specimen shrub, narrow, sparsely branched; upright branches; flower white Carlquist, S. 1792 Kauai BISH 1965-07-31
40 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21639 Kauai BISH 1952-01-13
41 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ohia/Uluhe fern forest. Metrosideros polymorpha var. Glaberrima, Syzygium sandwicensis, Psychotria wawrana, Pritchardia waialealeana, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Myrsine fernseei, Kadua cf affinis, Dicranopteris linearis, Hydra... Preserved_Specimen Tree, approximately 3 m long, leaning downhill above a nearly vertical drop, growing out of surrounding uluhe in full sun. Leaves clustered towards ends of branches, light green above, dense golden brown tomentum below. Fruits rusty brown, densely pubescent with prominant beaks. No flowers observed. A.M. Williams 879 Kauai BISH 2024-05-30
42 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris Cheirondendron montane wet forest. W/ Broussaisia arguta, Kauda affinis, Melicope spp, Psychotria mariniana, Coprosma waimeae, rich fern undersotry with Asplenium insiticeum, A. polyodon, Athyrium microphyllum, Diplazium sandwichianum Preserved_Specimen tree, 3 m tall, along ridge down to Pohakea, in flower and immature fruit, ca. 7 trees in area Wood, K.R. 14361 Kauai BISH 2010-11-17
43 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ground in scrubby forest. Preserved_Specimen Slender tree 5 m high. MacDaniels, L.H. 815 Kauai BISH 1927-02-17
44 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen 12' tree; flwrs white. Christensen, C. 98 Kauai BISH 1976-12-14
45 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details High plateau Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8867 Kauai BISH 1911-10-20
46 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros 40 - 60% closed w/ 12-15 m tall canopy, understory of Perrottetia, Psychotria spp, Dubautia spp, Labordia spp, Tetraplassandra kaviensis, T. oahuensis, rich fern and bryophyte understory. Preserved_Specimen Tree 7 m tall, trunk 25 cm dia @ base, lvs dark green rugose above, rusty-flocculose below, occasional; to common. Wood, K.R. 13112 Kauai BISH 2008-06-17
47 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 3 m tall shrub with many branches, leafy only on the terminal plume; flwrs w/faint sweet perfume; lvs above dark brown, hairy. St.John, H. 26028 Kauai BISH 1956-12-31
48 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic-wet forest alongside stream. Muddy substrate. Canopy cover about 75%. W/ Rubus armeniacus, Machaerina angustifolia, Melicope clusiifolia, Cyanea leptostegia, Microlepia strigosa, Coprosma sp., Metrosideros polymorpha, Broussaisia arguta. Preserved_Specimen Large many branched shrub about 20 feet tall. Branches sprawling with leaves clustered near branch ends. Leaves rough textured. Dense brownish-red tomentose on undersides. Walsh, S. 106 Kauai BISH 2015-09-14
49 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Small tree or shrub. Rock, J.F.C. 5481 Kauai BISH 1909-09-24
50 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stems up to 5 m tall; flwrs creamy white. Takeuchi, W.N. 120 Kauai BISH 1983-07-30
51 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Common green tree ca. 15' tall; calyx light green w/copper colored hairs; corolla white; filaments white, anthers brownish; pistil white; frts rare, green w/coper colored hairs; flwrs fragrant. Crosby, M.R. 1993 Kauai BISH 1964-08-12
52 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 1 m tree; leaves olive green, lighter below; flower white; fruit brown van Royen, P. 11744 Kauai BISH 1977-09-04
53 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen ~12' tree; flower white; foliage dark green above, brown tomentose below Herbst, D.R. 1045 Kauai BISH 1968-04-12
54 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Flwrs in clusters at intervals along stem, white. Trees 12' tall. Stone, B.C. 1628 Kauai BISH 1956-12-31
55 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Pelea, Straussia, Astelia, Platydesma, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. 414 Kauai BISH 1959-07-09
56 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 5 m tree; flower white with yellow stamens; fruit chestnut brown Chock, A.K. 398 Kauai BISH 1952-02-06
57 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub with dark green foliage; underside brown tomentose. Herbst, D.R. 2806 Kauai BISH 1972-10-04
58 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 193 Kauai BISH 1983-06-10
59 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Small tree or shrub. Rock, J.F.C. 5481 Kauai BISH 1909-09-24
60 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stems up to 5 m tall; flwrs creamy white. Takeuchi, W.N. 120 Kauai BISH 1983-07-30
61 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Tree, 15 ft. x 4 in.; flower white; fruit brown. Chock, A.K. 967 Kauai BISH 1953-08-17
62 Pittosporum gayanum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8866 Kauai BISH 1911-10-20
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